With the advent of very-high-resolution commercial satellite sensors, earth observation data have become not only very important but even widely available for the verification of nuclear activities of States particularly for international safeguards purposes. Items and activities which can be monitored within a nuclear fuel cycle are, for instance, the construction and shape of buildings (including underground activities), plant expansion, and changes in operational status. For an effective use of satellite imagery, it is important to determine whether there are identifiable signatures related to nuclear facilities that could be used in the interpretation and verification of activities. The book presents studies on visual and computer-based interpretation of remote sensing data for these.